In as much as all CCNA topics are to be covered before the exams, there are certain topics that requires more attention and time, VLAN, EIGRP, IPV6 address, DHCP, PPPOE, IPSEC, BGP, CISCO DNA etc. We will talk about them detaily in subsequent paragraphs.

 

VLAN

 

VLAN is any broadcast doamin that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer. VLANs make it easy for network admins to partition a single switched network to match the functional and security requirements of their systems without having to run new cables or make major changes in their current network infrastructure. VLANs are of different types, Default VLAN, Data VLAN,  Voice VLAN,  subnetting practice Management VLAN, and Native VLAN.



We cannot talk about VLANs and not mention Collision domains and broadcast domains. A collision Domain is a network segment connected by shared medium or through repeaters where simultaneous data transmissions collide with one another.  Collision domains applies particularly in wireless networks, but also affected early versions of Ethernet while a Broadcast Domain is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer. A broadcast domain can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments.

 

EIGRP

 

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating routing decisions and configurations. EIGRP was designed by cisco systems as a proprietary protocol available only on cisco routers. EIGRP is a network protocol that enables routers to exchange information more efficiently than earlier network protocols, such as IGRP or BGP

 

BGP

 

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the protocol underlying the global routing system of the internet. It manages how packets get routed from network to network through the exchange of routing and reachability information among edge routers. BGP is used for routing between Autonomous Systems (AS) each AS needs to run an interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) such as OSPF or ISIS for routing within the AS.BGP Configurations is done for the above reasons. BGP Configurations are necessary before Autonomous systems can communicate with each other. BGP path attributes is a list of AS numbers that a route has traversed to reach a destination. BGP path attributes can be used for route selection and filtering.  BGP path attributes is also an additional piece of information associated with a prefix, that is included within the UPDATE packet during route exchange.

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